Tanzania Nature Forest Reserves

Background Information

More than 12 Nature Forest Reserves in Tanzania are recognized under the forest legislation of 2002 as Protected Forest Areas of particular high importance for the conservation of biodiversity. These Nature Reserves are suitable for eco – tourism / Nature based tourism attractions and they are managed and supervised by Tanzania Forest Services Agency (TFS). TFS is responsible for developing and managing forest and bee resources sustainably in collaboration with stakeholders in order to deliver sufficient and quality goods and services to meet local and international socio – economic and environmental needs. The establishment of TFS as an Executive Agency enhance the management and conservation of forest and bee resources for sustainable supply of quality forest and bee products and services.

1. AMANI NATURE FOREST RESERVES (ANFR) Home to Saint Paulia (African violet) flowers

• About this reserve

Amani is the largest forested block within East Usambara Mountains and occupies the southern extremity of these mountains.

• Size; the reserve covers 8.380 ha.
• Flora and Fauna; the reserve is endowed with endangered species of both flora and fauna. Semi – deciduous forests dominate in the lowlands, particularly in Mnyuzi scarp, which also has lower annual rainfall. Tall luxuriant sub – montane and evergreen forests are found in the mountains above 750m, where rainfall is higher. Common tree species include Cephalosphaena usambararensi, Allanbackia stuhlmanii, Albizia gummifera, Beilschmiediakweo, Diospyros abyssinica, Englerodendron usambaranse and Drypetes gerrardii. The reserve is also the home to Saint Paulia (African violets). Amani Botanical Gardens (340 ha) lies within the periphery of ANFR. Established in 1902, it holds over 1,000 species from around the world. Fauna include Gentle monkeys, colobus monkeys, yellow baboons, three horned chameleons and butterflies just to mention a few species.
• Climate; the Indian Ocean, which is only 40 km away, contributes to a high mean annual rainfall, ranging from 1800 to 2,200 mm. the hottest season is January – February and the coolest in June – The mean daily minimum and maximum temperatures are 16°C, with a mean annual temperature of 20°C.
• Altitudes; Amani Nature Forest Reserve (ANFR) ranges between 300 – 1,128 metres above sea level, with a central plateau at 930 m. seventeen villages lies within the immediate periphery of ANFR, and a further two villages lie within enclaves where tea estates, established in the 1940s, continue to operate to date. The 19 villages comprise a total population of over 26,796.
• Biodiversity; The East Usambara forests are globally recognized for their exceptional biodiversity. The mountain block contains 27 endemic vascular plant species and 40 vertebrate species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains of which nine species (six amphibian and three reptile species) are confined to the East Usambara Mountains. Similar high rates of endemism occur in invertebrates. Eight species of the genus Saintpaulia (African violet), Leptonychia usambarensis, Cephalosphaena usambarensis and Allanblackia stulhmanii are threatened plant species found in ANFR. There are 35 threatened vertebrate species in the East Usambara Mountains, of which 23 species are found in ANFR.
• Geographical Location; Amani Nature Forest Reserve (ANFR) is located in North – eastern corner of Tanzania within Tanga Region in Muheza and Korogwe districts. The nearest large town to Amani is Muheza, which is on the highway between Segera and Tanga. From Muheza it is a 2 hour drive up into the Mountains as far as Amani village where the reserve headquarters are located.
• Accommodation; accommodation is available in two guest houses run by the Nature Reserve, one near the Sigi gate and the other in Amani village. There is also a comfortable tented camp at Emau Hill in the enclave at the centre of the reserve, about 40 minutes beyond Amani village.

Top Tourist Activities

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Swimming in the waterfall base
• Photographing
• Movie making and enjoying exotic home grown foods, and of course many more. There are several tourist trails that can be followed in Amani Nature Forest Reserve (ANFR) and a number of trained guides. Specialized bird tours are also available, as are night walks looking for chameleons and amphibians. The reserve is a popular destination for school trips.

2. NILO NATURE FOREST RESERVE (NNFR) (The land of the Three Horned Chameleons)

• About this reserve

Nilo is the second largest block of forest in the East Usambaras, after Amani. It lies in the north – west part of these mountains and sits on a Y – shaped ridge system, with an eastern arm that extends near to Semdoe Forest Reserve and a western arm that looks across the Lwengera valley to the west Usambaras. A central ridge runs along its southern leg towards Derema Forest Reserve that abuts Amani Nature Reserve (ANFR). Both Nilo and Amani Nature Forest Reserve are parts of the East Usambara Biosphere Reserve.

• Size The reserve covers 6,025 ha, and is the second largest block of forest in the East Usambaras after Amani Nature Forest Reserve (ANFR). NNFR is surrounded by 17 villages, with a total population of over 39,754.
• Flora and Fauna The reserve has a beautiful dense montane rainforest with the highest diversity of flora and fauna which are not and rarely seen in other places. The main vegetation types are dense montane forest (30% cover) above 1,250 metres above sea level, sub – montane forest (60%) at 850 – 1,250 metres above sea level and lowland forest (10%) below 85 metres above sea level. The sub – montane forest can be exceptionally tall luxuriant, with the largest trees reaching 58 m in height in favorable sites. Surveys recorded dominant tree species to include; Allanblackia stuhlmannii, Leptonychia usambarensis, Strombosia scheffleri and Synsepalum msolo. Fauna includes 22 threatened vertebrate species have been recorded in Nilo Nature Forest Reserve (NNFR), ten of which are endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains.
• Climate The reserve receives rainfall in all months of the year, with peaks in March – May and September – December. Mean annual rainfall increases from 1,200 mm in the foothills to over 2,200 mm at higher altitudes. West – facing slopes are drier than those facing east. Temperature ranges from 17.6°C at higher altitudes to 23.1°C in the foothills.
• Altitudes Nilo lies within the altitudinal range of 400 m – 1,506 metres above sea level with two main peaks; Nilo (1,506 m) in the north – west and Lutindi (1,400 m) in the south – west.
• Biodiversity The East Usambara Mountains hold 123 (22%) of the 554 plant taxa endemic to the Eastern Arch Mountains. They are fourth in importance after the Udzungwa, Uluguru and west Usambara Mountains with respect to their diversity of Eastern Arc Mountain endemic plants. 22 threatened vertebrate species have been recorded in NNFR, ten of which are endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains.
• Geographical location Nilo Natutre Forest Reserve (NNFR) is situated in the north west of the East of the East Usambara Mountains falling under Korogwe, Muheza and Mkinga districts in Tanga Region. Korogwe Town, which has various guest houses, is the nearest town to Nilo Nature Forest Reserve (NNFR).
• Accommodation There are three camp sites within the reserve including one at Lutindi Peak. There are 22 km of nature trails providing access to different parts of the reserve including trails up to Lutindi and Nilo Peaks. There is also a 12.5 km scenic drive that passes through the reserve and Kizerui village. The reserve is equipped with limited camping facilities that tourists can hire.

Top Tourist Activities

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming in the waterfall base
• Photographing
• Movie making. There are special sites of cultural importance for local people as worshiping sites; Holy water point at Kizara ward where there is myth that once up on a time a Bishop blessed the place after feeling thirsty and water came out to drink, even today the water is still trickling, Tuvui falls and Kwemakulo area where one can view the famous saint Paulia and remnants of the Ocotea usambarensis patches; Zumbe kuu falls near Kizerui village in the Semdoe River; Two cultural worship areas.

3. MAGAMBA NATURE FOREST RESERVE (MNFR) Sights and scenes of the Usambara. The nearest town is Lushoto

• About this reserve

Magamba Nature Forest Reserve (MNFR) is home to varieties of plants and animals and managed by Tanzania Forest Services Agency (TFS) for biodversity conservation, conservation of water sources, scientific research, recreational activities and educational activities. It was established in the year 1942 (Described in Government Notice (GN) No. 417) as a forest reserve and upgraded to nature forest reserve on 25^th /03/2016 (GN 103). The reserve has an area of 9,283 hectares and it is located in Lushoto and Korogwe Districts. Magamba Nature Forest Reserve Head office is located in Lushoto District at 420572       Easting (E) and 9475834 Northings (N). One of the objectives of managing the reserve is to improve ecotourism activities within the reserve in terms of increasing number of National and International visitors, increasing revenue, raising awareness to people worldwide on reserve conservation and ecotourism programmes and improving of ecotourism facilities within the reserve through Public Private Partnership (P.P.P)

Fast Facts (Magamba Nature Forest Reserve)

Magamba Nature Forest Reserve (MNFR) in the west Usambara Mountains, is an area of dense mountain forest with dramatic viewing points covering a total of 9283 ha. Animals found include bush pig, black and white colobus monkeys, rabbits, antelopes and squirrels, whereas reptiles include chameleons, lizards and snakes. The forest has also varieties of bird species. Visitors can experience the flora and fauna of the reserve through sightseeing, walking and hiking through beautiful mountain rainforest. Altitude of this reserve is (1,670 – 2,170 metres above sea level), mean annual rainfall (1,200 mm), and temperature (15°C – 21°C from June to September, 25°C – 30°C from October to February). Various attractive sites for ecotourism are found within and outside the reserve including historical / cultural and natural sites such as viewing points (Jiwe la Mungu), Kigulu Hakwewa Kwehondo and skyline), Old German Cave, Sungwi waterfalls, Mkussu waterfalls, Hambalawei, Kibohelo and Grewal dams, Old Grewal saw mill.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

Activities which can be performed inside the reserve includes, hiking, trekking, camping, bird watching, dam viewing, plant viewing, researching, studying, photographing, filming, animal viewing, caving, motor biking, cycling, visiting historical sites (Germany ruins, old saw mill, old skyline), Mountain climbing and viewing places and landscapes through nice peaks namely Kigulu Hakwewa peak, Jiwe la Mungu peak, Skyline peak, Mdananda peak and Kwehondo peak. MNFR is a best place one can hike. The area offers long and short hikes ranging from 3 hours to 8 hours a day through the forest depending on the fitness and demand of the visitors. Other activities to be performed within this reserve, including picnic sightseeing in the waterfall base and walking safaris.

RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Magamba Nature Forest Reserve (MNFR) is rich in biodiversity characterized with high endemism of flora and fauna, high water catchment values and beautiful landscapes. The reserve is a perfect place for research and studies. Researchers are invited from different parts of the world to conduct their research in Magamba Nature Forest Reserve especially in the fields of entomology, ethnology, hydrology, geology, soils, ecology, zoology and social studies. Students from primary schools, secondary schools, colleges and universities are welcomed in Magamba Nature Forest Reserve to learn different aspects in field of forests, ecotourism, history, culture and beekeeping activities.

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SAFARIS

A combination of both nature and culture can breed a very wonderful and amazing experience: cultural safaris can be conducted within the reserve and to villages adjacent to the reserve. Within MNFR visitors can visit the German cave, old German skyline, German buildings and ruins and old streamed engine saw mill and buildings at Grewal area. In villages around MNFR visitors can visit ritual house (Kwazumbe – Kitala Kikuu) Kwembago royal village, Kinko village and Jiwe la Mungu. Tourists can also visit traditional healers and participate in traditional dances and in preparation of local brew around the villages. Moreover tourists can visit farms, markets, primary and secondary schools, churches and Germans graves.

PEOPLE AND CULTURE

Magamba Nature Forest Reserve (MNFR) is surrounded with 21 villages and the dominant tribes are Sambaa, Pare, Mbugu and Zigua people. Communities surrounding MNFR are mainly farmers and pastoralists. MNFR is under high conservation status. Communities live adjacent to MNFR and people in Lushoto town have access to use water coming from the reserve for domestic, agriculture and industrial uses. Local communities are also practicing agro forestry and zero grazing for goats, cow and sheep.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY (GETTING THERE / HOW TO GET THERE)

Magamba Nature Forest Reserve is located in North Eastern part of Tanzania at Lushoto District and Korogwe District respectively in  Tanga Region, 420572 Easting (E) and 9475834 Northings (N), Zone 37m. The distance from the nearby cities / town is about 339.5 km from Dar es Salaam and 310.8 km from Arusha. Distance from Mombo to Lushoto is 32 km and from Lushoto – Magamba Nature Forest Reserve Headquarters is 9.km. The area can be accessed by a public bus or private car. Buses from Dar es Salaam – Lushoto – Dar es Salaam are available daily around 6.00 am in morning to 12.30 Pm afternoon. From Arusha – Lushoto – Arusha buses are available every day in the morning from 6.00 Am to 9.00 Am.

BEST TIME TO VISIT MAGAMBA NATURE FOREST RESERVE (MNFR) NEAREST TOWN IS LUSHOTO

Suitable time to visit Magamba Nature Forest Reserve is around 06.30 am in the morning to 06.30 p.m in the evening. The time is good for bird watchers, nature lovers and adventurers. At that time visitors can enjoy beautiful scenes of the reserve including varieties of plants, chameleons, black and white colobus monkeys, vervet  monkeys, ants, spiders, and snakes, birds, streams, waterfalls, rocks, mountain peaks, dams, caves, historical sites, ritual sites and cultural activities.  Moreover night walk is also allowed inside the reserve. During long rainy season from March – May and short rainy season from October – December, visitors are advised to carry with them special hiking gears  including – rainy coats, rainy boots and umbrellas.

FACILITIES AND ACCOMMODATION

The reserve headquarters office offers camping and picnic sites, hiring of tents and transportation services for tourists. There are several picnic sites and campsites such as Mdananda peak, Kwehondo, Grewal, Skyline and Kigulu Hakwewa peak, where visitors can come with packed lunch and enjoy their meals. Reserve office offer gas cooker, plates and kitchen utensils for visitors who love to prepare their meals. Moreover, the reserve office offers transport facilities for a day drive inside the reserve. Also visitors can get transport services in Lushoto town for a day drive inside a reserve and for travelling from Lushoto to other towns such as Dar es Salaam, Tanga, Kilimanjaro and Arusha. Visitors are advised to rent a car from a recommendation source and MNFR office can recommend you to a reliable and suitable transportation services. In Lushoto town there are numbers of accommodation facilities to visitors ranging from hotels, lodges, home stays, Eco lodges, cottages and guest houses. Guests can freely contact MNFR office to ask for suitable accommodation facilities within or outside the reserve. Also in town there are several tourism information offices such as TAYODEA, FRIENDS OF USAMBARA, MULLERS MOUNTAIN LODGE, COCAFA and MAMBO VIEW POINT which provide tourism information and tour guiding services to tourists.

4. CHOME NATURE FOREST RESERVE (CNFR) The land of higher biodiversity and endemic flora and fauna, and home of the south – pare white – eye bird and elephant shrew.

About this reserve

Chome Nature Forest Reserve (CNFR) is a unique montane rainforest in the south Pare Mountains in Kilimanjaro to Region, locally known as SHENGENA FOREST, covering a total area of 14,283 ha and total length of 67 km. it also consists of a 16 km central ridge running north south. SHENGENA FOREST, covering a total area of 14,283 ha and total length of 67 km. it also consists of a 16 km central ridge running north south. SHENGENA PEAK (2,462 m) in the north – west of the reserve is the second highest peak in Kilimanjaro Region, after Mount Kilimanjaro. The Mountains are classified as an “important bird area’. More than 95 bird species have been recorded from the reserve including – Hunter’s cisticola and the Red – Capped tailor bird. There are two species of monkeys present: Sykes monkey and the Eastern Arc race of the Angola Pied Colobus. Other mammals include elephant shrews, anomalures and Harvey red duiker. There are a number of excellent hiking trails through the reserve’s forest. Shengena Peak Trail (6 hours), Turaco Trail (2.5 hours), Butterfly Trail (1.5 hours), Thomson waterfalls Trail (2.hours). Bat caves Trail (6 hours), Bwambo Drive (4 hours).

Fast Facts (Chome Nature Forest Reserve) CNFR)

The reserve was established in 1951 under Government Notice NO.125 of 25/5/1951 followed by Variation Order NO. 303 of 20/06/1958. CNFR is formally gazzeted by Government Notice (GN) NO. 105 published on 25/03/2016. It forms part of Eastern Arc Mountains group. Chome Nature Forest Reserve is situated in the south Pare Mountains in North East Tanzania between 4°10’ to 4°24’s and 37°53 to 38°00 E and include the highest peak of Mt Shengena (2462 metres above sea level) but it slopes down to an elevation of 1250 metres above sea level on its east edge. The southern Pare Mountains form a part of northern section of Eastern Arc Mountains group with north pare Range to the North East and the west and East Usambaras ranges to the south East and a chain of Mountain ranges running south west. The reserve is among of seventeen (17) Nature Forest Reserve found in Tanzania

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

There are a number of attractions in the reserve – including viewing points – Shengena peak (2462 metres above sea level), an excellent view of CNFR, Mount Meru, Mkomazi National Park, and Taita Hills in Kenya.

Kwasekinga viewing point

An excellent view of CNFR, Mkomazi National Park, Kalimawe dam, Paddy irrigation scheme, Forest birds (Turaco and South Pare white – eye birds), Butterflies varieties, flowers and epyphytes, ferns and orchids, Black and White Colobus Monkeys. Rivers (Hingilili, Yongoma, Saseni and Mhokevuta) and waterfalls (Yongoma and Thomson waterfalls). Huge camphor tree (with 30m high and 200 cm diameter), Bat caves (Mandima Caves), Sacred sites (Ndivankundu), closed montane forest. Things to do in CNFR – including camping, picnic, sightseeing, Bird watching, walking safaris, Hiking, Biking, swimming in the waterfall base, photographing, movie making, and many more.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION / GETTING THERE/ HOW TO GET THERE

The nearest town to Chome is SAME Town on the Segera – Moshi highway. From Same, it is a 2 hour drive up to the reserve. Before getting in to the reserve, the visitors should reach at Chome NFR, Tourist information centre which is located about 8 km from Same Township. There you can get brief information about CNFR, make the payment, Map and advice on which route to choose. Access to Chome is mainly on loose surface roads. Most of the routes are passable throughout the year but 4 wheel drive is highly recommended. The shortest route from Same takes about 1.5 hours (42 km). There is mobile coverage all along the way and in parts of the reserve.

FLORA AND FAUNA

Many unique species thrives in the Eastern Arch, including over 500 plant species and 136 vertebrate species that are found nowhere else on earth of which 18 are found in Chome NFR. Chome NFR consists of a 16 km central ridge running north – south cloaked in lush, evergreen forest. The reserve predominantly montane forest with patches of heath, montane grassland and moss – draped elfin forest. Visitors can admire the impressively large East African camphor trees, same reaching 30 m high and 2 metres in diameter. The South Pare Mountain (including Chome Nature Forest Reserve) is home to 4 vertebrate species that are strictly endemic to the area, including the South Pare white – Eye bird and three amphibian species (Callulina shengena, Callulina stanley and Arthroleptisanotis). The mountains are classified as an important bird area, more than 95 birds have been recorded from the reserve – including hunter’s cisticola and the Red – capped tailor bird. There are two species of monkey present: Sykes monkey and the Eastern Arc race of the Angola pied colobus.

BEST TIME TO VISIT CNFR

An ideal time to visit CNFR is dry season between June and September. Rainfall peaks in March and April. Annual temperature vary from 15°C in July to 20°C in February. The amount of rainfall range from 1500 mm – 2000 mm in the western side of the forest to 3000 mm in the eastern side of CNFR.

WHY SHOULD YOU VISIT CNFR?

Chome Nature Forest Reserve is blessed with countless tourist attractions like Shengena peak which the highest is 2,462 metres above sea level, which is second highest peak after Mt. Kilimanjaro in Kilimanjaro Region, and it is a good place where you can see and view clearly well – Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru when there is a clear sky. It is important peak for an exercise among tourists who exercise to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Waterfalls and permanent rivers in the reserve are available. NFR is surrounded by villages that have had cultures from various ethnic groups. These communities have traditional practices for the forest, varieties of religious worships and food types and diversity from these ethnic groups. There a number of other attractions adjacent to the CNFR – including cultural tourism programmes around villages.

FACILITIES AND ACCOMMODATION

Including lodges, Guest houses, are available. For example, Elephant motel, Nzoroko Hotel, Tonna Lodge, Tonna Annex, Nick Resort, Amani Hotel, Kisaka Villa Lodge, Silver Bird, Mkomazi Safari Lodge. Two camp sites with basic facilities are available in CNFR. The campers must self – sufficient and fully equipped by buying themselves their own tents, food, drinking water and cooking facilities.

5. UZUNGWA NATURE FOREST RESERVE (USNFR) – Home to Red Colobus Monkeys

About this reserve

Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve (USNFR) is located in the southern highlands of Tanzania within Iringa and in Morogoro regions forming part of the largest mountain block of the Eastern Arc Mountains Chain.

It covers 327632 ha and is the fourth largest protected area within the Eastern Arc Mountains. The reserve in general is well known for its diverse fauna with a high degree of endemism. Many attractive sites for ecotourism are found including historical and spiritual sites, caves and waterfalls. The area is home to 28 species of large mammals like Red Colobus Monkey and Black  and White Colobus monkey as well as forest birds and insects. Out of it, seven (7) species and subspecies are restricted to Tanzania.

TOP TOURISM ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic site
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming
• Photographing
• Movie making

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION / GETTING THERE / HOW TO GET THERE

The area can be reached via Mapanda which is about 130 km from Mafinga town. From Mikumi, visitors can either proceed towards Ifakara to access the reserve via Itongole and Itonya villages up to Ilutila and uluti.

FAST FACTS (UZUNGWA NATURE FOREST RESERVE (USNFR)

Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve (USNFR) corers the steep east – facing Udzungwa escarpment and part of the undulating upland plateau. USNFR rises from 300 – 2,068 m altitude. The Southern boundary is the Chita River, the northern boundary the Kidete River and the western boundary the Ruaha, Iwolo and Lukosi rivers. USNFR cover 32,763. 2 ha and is the fourth largest protected area within the Eastern Arc Mountains. Annual rainfall in the area ranges from 1,350 mm to 2,000 mm, occasionally exceeding 3,000 mm in wetter areas. Estimated mean temperatures range between 20°C in December and 15°C in July. In lowland areas, temperatures reach 27°C in December and go down to 19°C in July.  USNFR was gazetted through Government Notice NO. 148. The Nature Forest Reserve was upgraded from Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve. Forest Declaration Order 2016 and boundary was re – mapped in 2019 as JB 2564. USNFR is surrounded by nineteen (19) villages with a population of around 48,980 in 2012.

BIODIVERSITY

The Udzungwa Mountains hold 221 (40%) of the 554 plant taxa endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains. Thus, they are the most important block with respect to Eastern Arc Mountains  endemic plants. Of these, 6 species are recorded only from USNFR. The Udzungwa Mountains hold 46 (34%) of the 136 vertebrate  species endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains, which is more than any other mountains block. 20 endemic vertebrate species (15%) of all Eastern Arc endemics) are restricted to the Udzungwa Mountains, of which 6 threatened species of amphibians have only been recorded in USNFR. Threatened species within the Udzungwa Mountains include 50 vertebrates, of which 37 species are found in USNFR including 22 endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains.

VEGETATION

The vegetation in USNFR is comprised of lowland, sub –  montane and montane forest, with areas of seasonally Inundated mbuga and shrubby grassland. Lowland forests are relatively dry and have a low and often broken canopy with woodland species, except near streams. Sub – montane forests are well developed and ridges are occupied by dry forest species. Much of the montane forest on the plateau above the scarp is secondary and may have been cultivated in the past. Extensive stands of bamboo are reported from the western side.

6. MOUNT RUNGWE NATURE FOREST RESERVE (MRNFR) – Home to Lake Ngosi Crater with the shape of African continent. MRNFL is a combination of Poroto, Sawago and Mount Rungwe Forests.

About this reserve

Mount Rungwe Nature Forest Reserve (MRNFR) is located in Rungwe District, Mbeya region in southwestern Tanzania and is a dormant volcano, is the secondary highest peak in southern Tanzania (2,981 m) and forms the northern extent of the southern Rift in the Great Rift Valley. The tropical forests of the reserve are known for their unique biodiversity, which includes two flagship species: Abbot’s duiker and the Kipunji monkey. It covers an area of 13,652 ha and a boundary length of 69.3 km. To the east, MRNFR is bordered by Livingstone Forest (Part of Kitulo National Park), to the north by Kiwira Forest Plantation managed by Tanzania Forest Services (TFS) Agency and to west, by Rungwe Avocado Farm and the Moravian Mission, which owns a small part of Rungwe Forest. The volcanic peaks, craters and lakes, along with the rare and interesting montane biodiversity along with a number of ritual, traditional and historical sites, provide opportunities for cultural tourism. There is also a 125 km scenic drive that passes through the reserve at Kizerui village.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safari
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming
• Photographing,
• Movie making, and many more.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION / GETTING THERE / HOW TO GET THERE

Mount Rungwe Nature Forest Reserve can be accessed by road 25 km from Southern east from Mbeya City and 7 km north of Tukuyu town. The area offers the opportunity to explore the highest peak in southern Tanzania (Mt. Rungwe) and a spectacular view of Lake Ngosi which is a second largest crater Lake in Africa.

FAST FACTS (MOUNT RUNGWE NATURE FOREST RESERVE)

1. ATTRACTIVE FEATURES (LAKE NGOSI)

The word “Ngosi” is a native name of Safwa ethnic group which means “Big”. This is the second largest crater lake in Africa with a view of African continent map, it’s characterized by a number of peculiar features: it has a near constant water level, nor surface inlets and outlets, water enters the lake mainly by precipitation and ground water inflow and leaves by ground water outflow and evaporation.  Also, the color of its water changes from blue, aqua green to blue and dark blue. There are different stories from local communities adjacent to Lake Ngosi.

2. MOUNT RUNGWE

A dormant volcano at the junction of the Eastern and Western arms of the Great Rift Valley. It is the highest peak in Southern Highland of Tanzania with altitude of 2,981 m above sea level. It is also characterized by montane forest, grassland, heath and bamboo belts. There are two crater lakes in mount Rungwe dry crater (Lusiba Lukafu) and crater with water (Lusiba Iwamisi). Rainfall is 3000 mm per year.

3. MONKEY KIPUNJI

The Kipunji was first discovered in December 2003 and was initially described as Mangabey. Further molecular studies, however, showed that the species is more closely related to the baboon and thus a new genus. In 2006, the species was finally described as Rungwecebus Kipunji, named after Mount Rungwe where it was first found.

4. BLACK AND WHITE COLOBUS MONKEYS

These arboreal monkeys live in a group of 2 – 20 individuals usually with 1 male  and 2 or more females and their young. Colobus monkeys often associate with Kipunji.

5. POROTO THREE – HORNED CHAMELEON (Trioceros fuelleborni)

Only found in a few isolated forest – edge areas. It reaches 22 cm in length and males are territorial, using their horn to fight for females. Up to 15 live young are delivered. This is one of many Tanzanian reptile species severely threatened by over collection for the international pet trade.

6. CULTURE

Mount Rungwe Nature Forest Reserve (MRNFL) is surrounded by adjacent communities mostly by the Safwa, Kinga and Nyakyusa ethnic groups. You will have a great opportunity to interact them during your visit as well as learning their way of life, cooking local foods, medicines, culture and traditional dances.

BEST TIME TO VISIT MRNFL

Mount Rungwe Nature Forest Reserve (MRNFL) can be visited almost all over the year, although between March and May, you may experience very high rainfall and fogs so reducing the visibility of the attractions.

FACILITIES AND ACCOMMODATION

Inside the reserve, there are camping grounds where visitors can camp for overnight but outside the reserve, there are a wide range of accommodation facilities in Mbeya city and Tukuyu town and they meet different levels of comfort, budget and quality service.

7. RONDO NATURE FOREST RESERVE (RNFL)

About this reserve (Home to Rondo Dwarf Galago / Bush baby):

Rondo Nature Forest Reserve (RNFR) is part of the coastal forest mosaic of Tanzania. It is located in the southern part of Tanzania on part of the so called RONDO (Mwera) plateau at around 870 metres above sea level. It has the area of 11,742.26 ha. The reserve contains a far greater number of endemic plant species than any other coastal forest as well as endemic reptile species. The reserve provides habitat for the coastal forest – endemic and critically Endangered primates, the Rondo Dwarf Galago (Galagoides rondoensis) as well as being an important breeding site for bird species such as the East Coast Akalat (Sheppardia gunniingi). The area is a home of at least 60 strict endemic plant species, diverse mammals, reptiles and amphibians, birds, butterflies, millipedes and mollusks.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Biking
• Swimming
• Primate Research
• Photographing
• Movie making, and many more.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION / GETTING THERE / HOW TO GET THERE

The reserve is approximately 60 km from Lindi Town. There are opportunities for hiking and nature tourism. The reserve also has potential as a cultural tourism destination, focusing on the history of ceremonial use by the Wamwera ethnic group.

FAST FACTS (RONDO NATURE FOREST RESERVE)

Rondo Nature Forest Reserve is part of the coastal forest mosaic of Tanzania. The reserve extends across 11,742 ha on the Rondo Plateau in Lindi Region at an altitude of 465 – 885 metres above sea level. The Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa are considered to be a globally important biodiversity hotspot. RNFR was originally gazetted in 1909 as part of the Rondo Forest Reserve. Today, RNFR constitutes the portion of the original Forest Reserve that was not utilized as a softwood plantation.  The forest plantation, first initiated in 1952, lies to the north of the RNFR and includes species of Pine and indigenous Milicia excelsa (locally known as Mvule).  In 2016, 768 ha of Mvule plantation, which has returned to a semi – natural state, was included in the RNFR.  The RNFR is surrounded by 6 villages whose main livelihood activity is agriculture. Average annual rainfall is 1,088 mm in a single rainy season from November to May with occasional dry spells in January and February. Temperatures range from 11°C to 32°C with the coolest between June and August.

VEGETATION

The RNFR forest is considered a secondary forest, following extensive logging in the 1950 – 1970s, with three major forest types. Dry evergreen forests are the last remnants of the natural forest. These are located on the southern and eastern rim on the Rondo plateau, particularly in the Mchinjindi Valley. Tree species diversity is high and includes Afzelia quanzensis, Albizia adianthifolia, Albizia gummifera, Bombax rhodognaphalon, Cussonia zimmermani, Dialium holtzii, Ficus species, Parinari excelsa, Ricinodendron heudelotii, Sorindeia madagascariensis, and the valuable timber species Milicia excelsa. Transitional woodland / Brachystegia microphylla, inter spersed with Faurea saligna. Woodland with high species diversity dominates on the northern and western portions of the plateau. Species include Parinary curatellifolia, Pteleopsis, Julbernardia and Brachystegia, along with the valuable timber species Mninga (Pterocarpus angolensis)

BIODIVERSITY

With two endemic and two near – endemic genera and 60 endemic plant species, Rondo Forest has the highest concentration of single – site endemic plant taxa in the coastal Forests. The reserve also provides habitat for the coastal Forest – endemic and critically endangered primate, the Rondo Dwarf Galago (Galagoides rondoensis) as well as being an important breeding site for bird species such as the East Coast Akalat (Sheppardia gunning)

TOURISM ATTRACTIONS

• Nyerere Historical Tree
• Valley view (Mchinjidi, Nanyolyo and Nang’wile valleys)

Mammals

• Rondo Dwarf Galago (Galagoides rondoensis)
• Dry evergreen forest, Thick forest which remain green throughout the year.

8. KILOMBERO NATURE FOREST RESERVE (KNFR) – The source of Kilombero River & The land of higher biodiversity and endemic Flora and Fauna

About this reserve

Kilombero Nature Forest Reserve (KNFR) is located in the southern part of Tanzania within Iringa and Morogoro regions respectively. The reserve occupies the middle portion of the Udzungwa Mountains, lying between Udzungwa Mountains National Park and Uzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve. It covers an area of 134511 ha. It harbours special sites which include Magombelema cave in Nyumbanitu area adjacent to Udekwa and Ifuwa villages. Also there are some viewing points in KNFR, these are Ndundulu, Kombagullu, Ukame, Chavemba, Idene, Fikano, Kinamili and Nyumbanitu peaks. The Udzungwas host 10 species of primates, including six (6) Cercopithecidae. The Sanje Mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus sanjei) and the Red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius gondonorum) are endemic to the Udzungwas. Due to high diversity of primates, the Kilombero Nature Forest Reserve (KNFR) as part of Udzungwa Mountains is one of the most important sites for conservation of primates.

TOP TOURISM ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Biking
• Swimming
• Primate Research
• Photographing
• Movie making, and many more.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION / GETTING THERE / HOW TO GET THERE

The nearest town to this area is Iringa region. Access to the reserve is through the village of Udekwa, approximately 3 hours from Iringa.

FAST FACTS (KILOMBERO NATURE FOREST RESERVE)

The Kilombero Nature Forest Reserve (KNFR) is among seventeen Nature Forest Reserves (2016) in Tanzania: it is also the largest Nature Reserve in the country which covers 134,511 Ha , after combining the former three forest reserves; Matundu, Lyondo and West Kilombero Scarp in Udzungwa Mountains. The boundary of the KNFR has a length of about 369 km. it is located in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania within Iringa and Morogoro regions in Kilolo and Kilombero Districts respectively. It forms the largest mountain block of the Udzungwa Mountains, which are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains Chain. The reserve consist of tall luxurious sub – montane forests and deciduous to semi – deciduous highland forests of highest point being Nyumbanitu peak (2,600 metres above sea level). Its vegetation is of the Eastern Arc Mountains type with globally important for catchment values providing water to different parts of Tanzania.

ECO TOURISM ACTIVITIES

The reserve is protected for its biodiversity, wilderness and water catchment values, it has various attractive features for Eco Tourism; More than 400 plants and 150 bird species including the rare Udzungwa Forest Patridge and Rufous – Winged Sunbird could be found in the reserve. There are also big mammals such as elephants, lions, leopards, buffalos and one of peculiar animal (Red colobus monkey). Nyumbanitu and Ndundulu peaks are found at Udekwa range, located at 63 km from Ilula town and 103 km from Iringa town. There are some wonderful hikes leading into the reserve that is Nyumbanitu (2,600m) and Ndundulu Peaks. Also, leading one to the twelve chambered Magombelema Caves which is home to thousands of bats. It is possible to hike onto the Ndundulu forest peak through Udekwa ranger post (TANAPA) whereby some of the rare animal species can be found including the Udzungwa red colobus, Angolan black and white colobus monkeys and Moreau’s sunbirds.

NYUMBANITU AREA

Nyumbanitu were considered by Hehe people to be a sacred place and still come to worship at the mountain. Chief Mkwawa was closely associated with the area, having taken shelter around Mount Nyumbanitu in 1894 when Germans attacked his home village at Kalenga.

FACILITIES AND ACCOMMODATION

The reserve has several camp sites in which visitors may camp with tents comfortably;

• Chui camp
• Mofu camp
• Skin camp
• Matumbo camp
• Luhala camp
• Vikongwa camp
• Mbigu Range camp
• Njagi No. 1 & 2
• Ndundulu camp
• Kajizikiwe camp
• Mianzini camp
• Ipalamwa camp
• Kisagese No. 1 & 2. (Kisegese B campsite, visitors can view Mkungusi dam where different animals like elephants, buffalos, hippopotamus, and many more, drink water).

ACCESSIBILITY / HOW TO GET THERE

The Kilombero Nature reserve can be reached through three (3) routes;

1. Alongside the main road from Dar es Salaam to Iringa. At Ilula, there is a signboard to Udekwa village. It is about 63 km through Udekwa Village to the Udekwa Ranger Post.
2. At Ipogolo in Iringa Town, 60 km on the way to Kilolo District – Passing through Idete ward to Mhanga village.
3. From Ifakara, 40 kms, take the road to Kihanzi, mbingu village via Namawala village.

 

9. LAKE DULUTI FOREST RESERVE (A Paradise for birds and reptiles)

About this reserve

Lake Duluti (63 ha) is a crater lake (caldera / collapsed volcano / Extinct volcano) in the Arusha region of northern Tanzania, on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley. It is located in Arumeru District near the town of Tengeru and is 14 Kilometres from Arusha City Centre and 1.31 Kilometres from the Arusha – Moshi road, just a 20 – minute drive away from Arusha. The Lake is surrounded by a thick forest (20 ha ) which is home to many reptiles like green mamba and monitor lizards and bird species which include grey herons, fish eagles, cormorants,  ospreys, and King fishers. Different tree species forms beautiful scenery suitable for eco – tourism activities.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Butterfly collecting
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming
• Photographing
• Movie making, and many more.

VISITING LAKE DULUTI

Tourists usually visit Lake Duluti for leisure and they enjoy their time exploring the lake for a different perspective like canoeing, bird watching, hiking, forest walk and for picnic

10. KALAMBO WATERFALLS RESERVE (The land of the roaring waterfalls)

About this reserve

Kalambo waterfalls on the Kalambo River is the second deepest fall in Africa but also as a cultural site rich in archaeological resource. It measures 772 – foot (235 m) single- drop waterfall. It is located on the border of Zambia and Tanzania at the southeast end of Lake Tanganyika. The falls are some of the tallest uninterrupted falls in Africa, down stream of the falls is the Kalambo Gorge, which has a width of about 1 km and a depth of up to 300 m, running for about 5 km before opening out into the Lake Tanganyika rift valley.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Biking
• Swimming
• Primate Research
• Photography
• Movie making

GETTING THERE / HOW TO GET THERE

The falls are about 2.5 – 3 hours from Sumbawanga town making the trip out an adventurous day trip. There is a tiny village at the falls where you will be greeted by a couple of villagers who oversee the fees and visitor’s book. It is a beautiful area and the falls are amazing. Also, walking down along the cemented stairs to see the base of the waterfalls, chimpanzees and academic research, beautiful beaches around Lake Tanganyika and a number of cultural sites.

11. MINZIRO NATURE FOREST RESERVE (Home to Thomas Galago) – The nearest large town is Bukoba

About this reserve

Minziro Nature Forest Reserve (MNFR) covers 25, 717 ha and is the largest forested area in northwestern Tanzania. It is located in Missenyi District in Kagera Region. Minziro plays an important role in the Kagera River flood plain ecosystem. As an outlier of the Guinea – Congo Biome, MNFR supports a wealth of biodiversity and a number of site endemic species. About 250 bird species have been recorded from Minziro, of which 56 are restricted to the Guinea – Congo Biome and unknown elsewhere in Tanzania. 96 of the bird species are forest dependent specialists. As well as an impressive 600 butterfly species have been recorded in the forest and are abundant from June – September. Primate species that are found in the reserve include the Red – Tailed monkey, the Grey – Cheeked Mangabey and Thomas’s Dwarf Galago. Minziro Nature Forest Reserve has a rich and diverse plant species that also provides an important wintering habitat for birds.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Butterfly collecting
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Swimming
• Photographing
• Movie making

ACCESSIBILITY TO MNFR

The nearest large town is Bukoba, the forest can be accessed from Minziro Village about 90 km (2 hours) from Bukoba. The area attracts more tourists for hiking and bird watching.

12. MKINGU NATURE FOREST RESERVE (The footprints of the ancestors)

About this reserve

Mkingu Nature Forest Reserve has the area of 26,433 ha and is located at Mvomero District in Morogoro Region. It has seven (7) vegetation types namely; lowland rainforest, sub – montane forest, montane forest, upper – montane forest, drier – montane forests, heath and miombo woodlands. The Nguru Mountains block is one of the wettest parts of the Eastern Arc Mountains, with which is attributed to its higher number of endemic plant and animal species than many other mountains blocks. Tourists can visit a very dense and virgin forest used for Waluguru ritual activities through their chief Kingalu. They can also visit a place where the white colobus monkeys are found and rocks with footprint (believed that the first life also started at Mkingu).Travelers can also visit Mikumi National Park in a single day (it is about 180 km from Mkingu Nature Forest Reserve).

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming in the waterfall base
• Photographing
• Movie making, and many more.

ACCESSIBILITY TO MKINGU NATURE FOREST RESERVE

The reserve is most easily reached via Turiani Town, which is about 120 kms from Morogoro town, from Turiani visitors can either continue north towards Maskati village or access the reserve via Mhonda village.

13. ULUGURU NATURE FOREST RESERVE (UNFR) – The home of Tanzania’s National Flag Grasshopper)

About this reserve

Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNFR) with an area of 24,115. 09 ha is one of the global centers of biological diversity, recognized at international and national levels as priorities for nature conservation. It is home to a number of endemism for both plant and animal species. The vegetation cover comprises sub – montane, montane and upper montane forests, as well as grassland with swampy areas at Lukwangule plateau and Kimhandu and Lupanga peaks. It is one among the Nature Reserves in the Eastern Arc having higher number of endemic and near – endemic plant species. The reserve is a haven for at least 135 endemic plant species – including rare African violets and orchids resource and fund better management of the region’s biodiversity.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming in the waterfall base
• Photographing
• Movie making, and many more.

VISITING UNFR

Special sites and features in the reserve include sacred forests, summits and viewing points like Kimhandu Summit, Kitumbaku ridges, Lupanga peaks and Bondwa peak, Lukwangule plateau, Kibwe and Hululu waterfalls; headquarter of the Waluguru’s traditional leader, Chief Kingalu Mwanabanzi XIV and the famous morning side.

14. MOUNT HANANG NATURE FOREST RESERVE (MHNFR) – Home of Cultural Diversity

About this reserve

Mount Hanang Nature Forest Reserve (MHNFR) is an extinct volcano at the southern end of the Gregory Rift (Eastern rift valley), the eastern branch of the East African Rift system. The mountain ranges in altitude from 1,860 to 3,418 meters above sea level at the summit. It is the 5^th highest mountain in Tanzania. It extends over 5,871 ha with a border of 35.7 km. Five important rivers, along with seasonal streams, supply water from the reserve to Hanang District. The reserve is approximately 4 km north of Katesh Township, the administrative center of Hanang District.

TOP TOURIST ACTIVITIES

• Camping
• Picnic
• Sightseeing
• Bird watching
• Walking safaris
• Hiking
• Biking
• Swimming in the waterfall base
• Photographing
• Movie making, and many more.

VISITING MOUNT HANANG NATURE FOREST RESERVE (MHNFR)

Mount Hanang Nature Forest Reserve (MHNFR) lies close to Lake Manyara and Tarangire National Parks. Cultural attractions include a Barbaig sacred area within the reserve. For hikers, there are two different routes to reach the summit of Mount Hanang. The Jorodom trail to the peak takes approximately 10 hours with some visitors choosing to camp close to the peak. Wildlife, the Himit River waterfalls and caves, are also attractions. The reserve is also nestled right close to the Great Rift Valley which is a major big game viewing and photographic tourism destination.